中国的糖尿病更是呈现激增的流行趋势，糖尿病患者的治疗依从性作为血糖控制水平的观测指标，受到国内外学者的密切关注。研究表明，我国糖尿病患者整体表现出较差的治疗依从性，且农村地区糖尿病患者的死亡率比城市地区的患者更高。发掘治疗依从性的影响因素，并针对性地提出干预方案进而提升治疗依从性至关重要。本研究基于健康信念模型，运用目的抽样方法对江苏省盐城市大丰区三个镇的277名农村糖尿病患者的健康信念和治疗依从性情况进行问卷调查，探讨治疗依从性的影响因素。结果显示，户口类型、职业类型、经济收入、是否检测血红蛋白、感知易感性、感知行为益处、感知行为障碍影响用药人群采纳健康行动信念，而采纳健康行动信念、感知行为障碍、糖尿病知识水平、医生建议、是否检测血压影响用药患者治疗依从性。研究假设成立。今后社会工作者需基于健康信念模型开展全面的糖尿病健康教育工作，通过建立并提升糖尿病患者良好的健康信念，推动其表现出更好的治疗依从性。

In China, the prevalence of diabetes is increasing rapidly. As an indicator of blood glucose control level, the treatment compliance of diabetic patients is closely concerned by scholars at home and abroad. The research shows that the patients with diabetes in China show poor treatment compliance as a whole, and the mortality rate of patients with diabetes in rural areas is higher than that in urban areas. It is very important to explore the influencing factors of treatment compliance, and put forward the intervention plan to improve treatment compliance. Based on the health belief model, 277 rural diabetics in Dafeng District, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province were investigated by using the objective sampling method. The results showed that household type, occupation type, economic income, hemoglobin detection, perceived susceptibility, perceived behavioral benefits and perceived behavioral barriers affected the adoption of health action beliefs, while the adoption of health action beliefs, perceived behavioral barriers, diabetes knowledge level, doctor's advice and whether blood pressure detection affected the treatment compliance of patients. The research hypothesis holds. In the future, social workers need to carry out comprehensive diabetes health education based on the health belief model, and promote diabetes patients to show better treatment compliance by establishing and improving their good health belief.