近几年，集群运动研究的发展日新月异，无论是在生物学领域，物理学领域，还是 工程学领域，均是有目共睹。而不同领域学者对于集群运动的研究角度也不尽相同。本 文将结合生物学与物理学背景，依托所在项目组对于集群运动的研究基础，包括蚁群、 鱼群、机器人群体等集群运动的工作，进一步开展本课题的研究。 一直以来，我们在进行集群行为研究的时候，不同的生物群体对应着不同的行为机 制。试想，如果生物群体能有一套普适性的规律，那对于集群行为的研究将意义重大。 物理研究领域，理想气体方程和范氏气体方程是两种最基本的气体方程。通过调节压 强，温度，体积这些基本的物理量，气体的状态会在气态，液态，固态间发生转变，产生相变。生物群体的整体构型也会有聚集分散的状态，是否在生物群体中存在类似压强 的物理量，通过调节这样的物理量可以实现整体状态的转变。以蚂蚁群体为例，蚂蚁群 体系统与气体分子构成的系统之间是否存在联系。带着这些疑问，展开了本课题的研 究。本文研究内容主要包括以下几点：蚂蚁压强实验：模拟气体分子在封闭容器内运动，将蚂蚁群体置于容器中，利用巧 妙的装置设计测试蚂蚁个体与容器器壁接触的压强。通过多次对于实验装置的尝试 以及预实验的测试，确定最终的带有类单摆活动门的方形实验装置。进行分组多次 重复实验，拍摄实验视频，整个蚂蚁压强实验共耗时约6个月。 实验数据提取：目前的模式识别方法主要是用于提取运动中的物体运动轨迹，不适 用于本实验数据提取要求。根据本文实验要求，基于Harris角点检测方法，开发数据 提取程序。程序可以实现一部分数据的自动化提取，节省大量手动提取数据的工作 量，最终采用自动提取结合手动校正的方法，提取所需实验数据。 实验数据处理：实验数据的误差将直接影响实验结果的分析，故实验误差处理较为 重要，本文采用已有的信号分解方法EEMD方法进行数据去噪处理。 实验结果分析：基于得到的压强数据，以及从视频中提取的蚂蚁运动的速度数据， 首先对实验得到的压强数据进行了初步的实验现象分析。从不同组间随蚂蚁数量变 化的压强值大小，以及同一组内压强的分布两个角度，分析蚂蚁压强实验现象。将 实验压强值与气体压强值进行对比，得到初步实验结果。 本文基于集群运动的大方向，为了寻求生物集群之间存在的普适性规律，以蚁群实 验为基础，尝试了气体系统与生物系统之间的对比。从目前的实验结果，蚁群系统压强 与气体系统压强间没有发现明确关联，无法用气体方程简单对应蚁群行为。产生以上结果，主要考虑与实验数据误差，气体系统与蚁群系统间本身存在的差异等因素有关，蚁 群本身的生物特性需考虑，研究体系有待进一步完善。本文的研究思路将为后续生物集 群行为的研究带来启发，具有重要科学研究意义。

In recent years, the development of the collective behavior has changing with each passing day.Both in the ?elds of biology,physics,and engineering,all are obvious to all. However,scholars in di?erent ?elds have di?erent perspectives on the collective behavior. Combined with biology and physics background, this project will rely on the research foundation of the project team for the collective behavior, including the ant colony, ?sh school, robot group and other collective behaviors, then we started the further researches on this topic. All along, when we conduct research on the collective behaviors, di?erent biological groups corresponds to di?erent behavioral mechanisms. Imagine that if biological groups have a universal law,then research on cluster behavior will have great progress. In physics,ideal gas equations and Vander Waals gas equations are the two most basic gas equations. By adjusting the basic physical quantities of pressure, temperature, and volume, the state of gas will change between gas, liquid, and solid, and the phase transition occurs. The con?guration of the biological groups will also have the state of aggregation and dispersion. Is there a physical quantity which is similar to the pressure in the biological population, and the overall state transition is achieved by adjusting such physical quantities. Take the ant colony as an example,Whether there exists a connection between the ant colony system and gas molecules systems,with these questions we started our study of this topic. This article will mainly study from the following aspects: Ant pressure experiments: Simulating gas molecules move in a closed container, placing ant colonies in the container, and using ingenious device designs to test the pressure of the ant’s individual contact with the container’s wall. Through adjusting the experimental devices and pre-experimental tests, the ?nal square experiment device with pendulum-like movable gates was determined, ?nished the repeated experiments, and experimental videos were taken. The total ant pressure experiment speed about 6 months. Extraction of experimental data: The current pattern recognition method is mainly used to extract motion trajectories of objects when moving, and is not applicable to the data extrac tion for the requirements of the experiment. According to the experimental requirements of this paper, based on the Harris corner detection method, a data extraction program is developed. The program can automatically extract part of the data, save a lot of manual data extraction workload. Experimental data processing: experimental data error will directly a?ect the analysis of experimental results,so the experimental error processing is more important,this paper uses the existing signal decomposition method EEMD method for data denoising. Analysis of experimental results: Using the obtained pressure data and the ant movement speed data extracted from the video, analysis experimental phenomenon on the experimentally pressure data, from the pressure values of di?erent groups and within the same group. Comparing the ant experiment pressure with the gas pressure value. The preliminary experimental results were obtained. This paper is based on the general direction of cluster movement. In order to seek the general rules existing among the biological clusters, based on the ant colony experiment, we have tried to compare the gas system with the biological system. From the current experimental results, clear correlation was not found between the pressure of the ant colony system and the pressure of the gas system，the gas equation can not simply apply to ant colony behavior. The above results are mainly related to the experimental data error, the di?erence between the gas system and the ant colony system itself ,and other factors. The biological characteristics of the ant colony itself need to be considered, and the research system needs to be further improved. The research ideas in this article will provide inspiration for the research of subsequent biological collective behaviors and have scienti?c signi?cance.