党的十八届三中全会明确提出“推进法治中国建设，强化权力运行制约和监督体系”的要求，党的十八届四中全会在全面推进依法治国工作中强调要“形成严密的法治监督体系”。出入境检验检疫机构作为国务院主管国家进出口商品检验、出入境卫生检疫、出入境动植物检疫的行政执法机构，明确了“法治质检”建设目标，国家质检总局在检验检疫行政执法法制监督方面，已经建立了一套以行政执法责任制、行政执法案卷评查制度和行政复议工作制度为主的，针对违法或者不当的行政执法行为的监督制约机制，对于检验检疫机构及其公务员正确贯彻执行宪法、法律和法规，严格依法行政，发挥了积极的作用。但是，检验检疫行政执法法制监督的作用尚未充分发挥，监督效果尚未达到理想状态，检验检疫系统仍存在大量的行政执法不当、行政执法过错以及行政不作为，甚至引起行政复议、行政诉讼，乃至行政赔偿，而执法风险不断加大也是不容置疑的事实。必须切实规范检验检疫执法行为，真正做到有权必有责、用权受监督、违法要追究、侵权要赔偿，保证检验检疫机关及其公务员正确贯彻执行宪法、法律和法规，保证行政执法水平稳步提升。本文以制度分析为框架，运用“主权在民”思想、分权制衡思想、行政“经济人”假设等理论，从法治政府建设的角度论证检验检疫行政执法法制监督的重要性，综合分析检验检疫行政执法法制监督现行制度产生的背景、主要内容和现实意义，用实证的方法评估检验检疫行政执法法制监督各项制度的执行效果，尝试探索检验检疫行政执法法制监督的新维度，提出探索检验检疫行政执法事前监督新模式，通过检验检疫行政执法案卷评查推动违法执法责任追究，进一步发挥行政复议对检验检疫行政执法工作的改进作用，健全中国特色检验检疫法律制度体系，以及进一步加强检验检疫执法队伍能力建设等完善路径。

At the third plenary session of the eighteenth central committee, the requirement that “pushing the construction of the rule of law in china, strengthening the restriction and supervision system of the operation of power” has been clearly put forward. Exit inspection and quarantine agencies are administrative enforcement agencies of the state council, which are in charge of national import and export commodity inspection, entry-exit health quarantine, entry-exit animal and plant quarantine law enforcement agencies, aiming at the goal of "quality inspected by law". In terms of inspection and quarantine supervision of administrative law enforcement , AQSIQ has already established a responsibility system for administrative law enforcement, administrative enforcement records-check system and administrative reconsideration system for supervision pointing at illegal or improper conducts of administrative enforcement, which has been playing an positive role in the inspection and quarantine agencies carrying out their civil right implementation of the Constitution, laws and regulations strictly according to law. However, the role of legal supervision, inspection and quarantine has not been fully played, the supervision has not reached the desired effect, and appreciable quantity of improper conducts or default in administrative enforcement as well as administrative omission are still in the system, which lead to administrative reconsideration, administrative litigation, and even administration compensation. Meanwhile, the fact that the risk of law enforcement is increasing cannot be neglected. Inspection and quarantine enforcement must be effectively regulated, and it should be put into real practice that power coming with responsibility, power being realized under supervision, law breakers accountable for infringement damages. Also inspection and quarantine authorities and civil servants are ensured of proper implementation of the Constitution, laws and regulations, promoting the level of administrative enforcement steadily.This paper framed with institutional analysis, using the thoughts of “sovereignty belongs to the people”, the theory of separation of powers and the executive " economic man" assumptions, argued the importance of the supervision in the field of Inspection and Quarantine enforcement under the rule of law from the perspective of constructing the government with law. It analyses comprehensively the present quarantine administrative legal supervision mechanism in the perspective of its background, the main contain and the reality meaning. This paper uses empirical methods to assess implementation of the results of inspection and quarantine supervision of the administrative law enforcement system, attempting to explore the new dimension of supervision, Inspection and Quarantine administrative law enforcement, to further strengthen the inspection and quarantine law enforcement team construction.