北京田径队从建立以来，一直是国内田坛的一支劲旅，但是随着中国体育蓬勃快速的发展,纵观北京田径队从新中国成立后参加的第一届全运会到第十一届全运会中取得的成绩，却发现北京田径队的总体成绩呈下降趋势。针对这一情况，本文通过文献研究,在实地进行调查访问,运用数理统计等方法，对北京田径队50多年发展历程的回顾，及这些年来经历和积累的有利因素的总结，指出北京田径队成绩下滑的原因主要有：1.基层组织萎缩，后备人才短缺造成高水平人才输送困难；2.北京队原有的得天独厚的高校合作资源竞争压力增大，地理优势不复存在；3.运动员培养机制落后守旧。　　　本文试图对北京田径队运动员的培养进行研究，主要从培养单位、选材、文化教育、运动训练、竞赛机制和就业保障六个方面进行分析，旨在了解北京田径队目前的培养机制以及发现并分析所存在的一些问题，为北京队日后的发展提供一点建议。　　　通过对北京田径队现役运动员进行问卷调查，分析得出北京田径队培养机制存在的制约运动员培养的重要因素包括：1.北京田径队的培养单位还是遵循原来的老体工队管理模式，机构设置较为滞后，与我国现行的市场经济体制不能有效的接轨。2.以高校向专业队输送高水平运动员为主体，教练发现和原队输送为主要途径以及其他途径并举的人才选拔培养机制，由于田径后备人才塔基的薄弱、选拔路径的单一以及各省市队对人才的争夺，对选拔优秀田径人才造成很大困扰。3.在先农坛体校训练的运动员文化教育内容虽与高校类似，但由于文化基础差，不能很好的掌握所学知识，再加之训练量大，文化课安排相对欠少，整体的文化教育有待提高。4.先农坛体校的教练员学历普遍较高且有着丰富的训练经验，对于运动员的训练方法能够接受新的训练理念及实践新的训练方法，此外，北京队还配有专业的队医及科研人员，个别种子队员还配有专业的体能教练，对于体能训练并没有完全覆盖全队。先农坛体校的训练场地及设施在国内均属一流，但是由于运动员在比赛中取得好成绩后对学校的奖励不满意，因而激励机制仍需进一步改善。5.北京田径队主要是代表北京市参加全国性青少年及成年比赛。竞赛层次较高规模较大项目较多，对于竞赛年龄的划分及要求也较为严格，运动员参与比赛的资格主要是以积分进行划分。整体的竞赛制度较为稳定、连贯、公平及合理。6.北京队的经费主要来自于北京体育局的经费补给以及一些体育公司提供的赞助，相对经费金额仍然是较少。在政策方面虽然北京市政府下发有关优先发展体能类项目的决策，但是对于田径项目的支持并不见多。在运动员的职业规划方面没有具体的安排，运动员退役后的就业保障很不乐观，将会直接导致其训练和学习的积极性。这将是培养单位亟需解决的问题。

Beijing track and field team has always being one of the strongest teams in China’s athletic field since its foundation. However, making a general survey of the achievements it got in the National Athletic Meets, it has been found that the overall results shows a falling tendency with the vigorous development of Chinese sports. As for it, by using methods of documentary research, investigation and interview, mathematical statistics and so on to review the 50 years’ development of Beijing track and field team and summarize the favorable factors it has experienced and accumulated in those years, the thesis points out the main reasons of its down grades which are as follows: 1. the shrinking of primary organization and the lack of backup talents make high level talented-person transports difficult; 2. its advantaged source of students is under pressure of competition, which wears of its geographical advantage; 3. its athletes training mechanism is backward and conventional.　　　Mainly analyzing from the following six aspects of institute, selection, cultural education, training, competition and guarantee, the thesis attempts to study the athletic cultivation of Beijing track and field team in order to understand its present athletes training mechanism, discover and analyze some problems exist and give some suggestions to its further development.By analyzing the results of questionnaire survey in the active athletes from Beijing track and field team, the principle elements that restrict the athletic cultivation in its athletes training mechanism are as follows: 1. The cultivation institute of Beijing track and field team still abides by the old management model of sports team with the lagging behind organization structure, which is not in line with our present market economic system. 2. The selection system includes high level talented-person transport from colleges and universities to professional team as the main part, coach finding and transport from the original team as the main channels and other simultaneously developed channels. As a result of its unsubstantial column foot of backup talents in track and field, single selection channel and the scramble for the talented person in teams of provinces and cities, Beijing track and field team is faced with the impendence in selecting talented person in track and field. 3. Though athletes from Xian Nong Tan sports school get similar cultural education in contents with other colleges and universities, their overall cultural education has to be improved in consideration of their weak foundation which cause them troubles in fully understanding what they are taught and large amount of training reduces their time for cultural courses. 4. Coaches from Xian Nong Tan sports school are generally high educated and with rich training experience in that new training idea could be accepted and new training methods could be put into practice. Besides, professional team doctors and researchers are provided in Beijing team and as to teams that strength training is not covered, individual seed players are provided with a professional strength and conditioning coach. With first-rated training fields and facilities, the rewards that Xian Nong Tan sports school gives to athletes who achieve high grades are not satisfying, therefore, the incentive system has to be further improved. 5. On behalf of Beijing city, Beijing track and field team mainly participates in national competitions for teenagers and adults, for those competitions are higher, larger and with more items, clearer age division and stricter requirements and the qualification for competition is based on accumulated points. In general, the competition system is more stable, consistent, fairer and more reasonable. 6. The funds of Beijing track and field team mainly come from budget supplements of Beijing Sports Bureau and sponsorship fees of some sports companies. Beijing government issues decisions of giving priority to develop physical ability events, but few of them are on supporting the track and field items. In the aspect of career planning, the employment security of retired athletes could not be guaranteed which impacts their enthusiasm in training and study and is badly in need to be resolved by the cultivation institute.