【研究背景和研究目的】静息态功能连接能够反映大脑内在的功能架构，对于我们理解静息态下大脑的自发活动有着非常重要的意义，在当前的神经科学研究中受到越来越高的重视。一些研究已经发现，这种由静息功能连接体现出来的功能架构并不是固定不变的，它会受到任务以及不同的知觉状态的调制。情绪是一种复杂的心理状态，它存在“暂留”效应，即由于知觉或者记忆的效应，能够影响随后的脑部信息处理方式。研究发现，正性和负性情绪状态会影响被试对某些认知任务的表现。同时对正性和负性情绪后的静息段情绪相关脑区与默认网络相关脑区间的功能连接情况的研究发现，情绪类型会调制这两个功能区域之间静息态功能连接。本研究在全脑范围内全面考查多种情绪类型对全脑静息功能连接架构的调制效应。【研究方法】选取18个正常大学生被试参加功能磁共振扫描。扫描过程中，通过让被试观看不同类型的情绪图片唤起不同情绪状态（负性、中性和正性），随后让被试处于一段不做特定认知活动的“静息”状态。根据情绪任务激活情况和先验知识相结合，选择左右侧杏仁核，左右侧扣带皮层前部，左侧眶额皮层作为种子点。将不同情绪状态下每个种子点的静息时间序列与全脑其他所有体素的静息态时间序列进行皮尔森相关分析，得到不同情绪状态下全脑与种子点区域的静息功能连接架构情况。利用配对T检验方法比较不同情绪状态下静息功能连接图之间的差异。【研究结果】1. 对于情绪脑区之间的功能连接，发现负性情绪后静息段右侧杏仁核与视觉区功能连接增强，与右侧眶额皮层功能连接减弱；正性情绪后静息段左侧杏仁核及左侧眶额皮层与视觉区功能连接减弱。2. 对于情绪脑区与全脑其他脑区间的功能连接，发现负性情绪任务后右侧杏仁核与全脑存在大范围静息功能连接减弱情况；正性情绪后左右侧杏仁核及左侧眶额皮层存在更广范围的静息功能连接减弱情况。3. 对于默认网络脑区间的功能连接，发现负性情绪及正性情绪后默认网络相关脑区间静息功能连接减弱。【研究结论】与中性情绪相比，负性及正性情绪会调制情绪相关脑区之间，以及情绪相关脑区与全脑其他脑区间的静息功能连接，其中负性情绪后情绪脑区间的功能连接增强，正性情绪后情绪脑区间的功能连接减弱；负性和正性情绪均调制情绪加工脑区与全脑其他脑区间的静息功能连接，且正性情绪对全脑静息功能连接的调制范围更大。同时，负性及正性情绪均会使得默认网络脑区间静息功能连接降低。

[Background]Resting-state functional connectivity can reflect intrinsic functional architecture of brain, is helpful for us to understand the intrinsic spontaneous activity, and is gaining more and more attention in contemporary neuroscience researches. It has been posited that resting state before and after task is different, and resting state functional connectivity can also be modulated by different perception states. As a complex mental state, emotion has lingering effect on subsequent information processing, due to perception or memory. One functional magnetic imaging study investigated how emotionally positive and negative information differently influenced subsequent brain activity at rest, mainly measuring the interregional connectivity within the default mode network. However, the brain areas involved in responses to emotion are pervasive. During our research, in the whole brain, we investigate the modulation effects of different emotion states on the functional architecture during the post-emotion resting-state periods. [Objectives]To explore the modulation effects of the different emotion states on the functional architecture during the subsequent resting state.[Methods]18 healthy volunteers from local university were recruited in the emotion experiment. After passively watching a set of emotional pictures, they went through a period of rest as instructed, without any specific thoughts. The functional magnetic imaging data is analyzed by SPM and REST software. During the functional connectivity analysis, we choose the left amygdale, right amygdale, left anterior cingulated cortex, right anterior cingulated cortex, and left orbitofrontal cortex as seeds, based on task activation and prior knowledge. We then calculate the correlation of time series between the seeds and the whole volume. Comparisons of different connectivity patterns between negative and neutral or positive and neutral are implemented through paired T test.[Results]1. Compared to post-neutral resting periods, functional connectivity in post-negative rest periods enhanced between right amygdala and visual areas and enhanced between right amygdala and right orbital cortex; functional connectivity in post-positive rest periods reduced between left amygdala and left orbital cortex and visual areas.2. Compared to post-neutral resting periods, functional connectivity in post-negative rest periods reduced in a large scale between right amygdale and the whole brain; functional connectivity in post-positive rest periods reduced in a large scale between the left and right amygdala, left orbital cortex and the whole brain.3. Compared to post-neutral resting periods, functional connectivity between brain areas belong to default mode network reduced both in post-negative and post-positive resting periods.[Conclusions]1. Positive and negative emotional states modulate functional connectivity between emotion-related brain areas in the following resting periods differerntly. 2. Compared to negative emotion, positive emotion modulates functional connectivity between emotion-related brain areas and other brain areas in a larger scale. 3. Negative and positive states both reduced the functional connectivity between brain areas belonging to the default mode network.