研究背景：青少年心理健康发展关乎着青少年的高质量发展，更关乎国家的高质量发展，近年来国家对于青少年心理健康问题也愈发关注，青少年群体中存在抑郁等心理问题，会影响他们的生理和心理健康发展。而同伴作为青少年在社会化初期的参与者，影响着青少年个体的成长，不良的同伴关系则会影响个体的心理健康。因此，本研究从同伴排斥与青少年抑郁的关系研究出发，进而探讨作用机制，同时为预防、干预青少年抑郁问题提出建议。研究目的：本研究目标在于探讨：1、青少年群体中同伴排斥对抑郁的影响，以及青少年积极情绪调节困难在同伴排斥与抑郁的具体作用途径。2、社会工作在介入青少年包括青少年抑郁内的心理健康问题的相关建议。研究方法：以河南省三所中学662名初高中生作为研究对象，采用整群抽样的方法，线上发放同伴排斥量表、DASS-21抑郁量表、DERS-P积极情绪调节困难量表，对研究对象的同伴排斥情况、抑郁情况、积极情绪调节困难情况进行测量。并对数据进行描述分析、差异性检验、相关分析以及回归分析，中介效应检验分析，并得出结论。研究结果：1、在研究群体中，有26.2%的青少年存在抑郁情绪，轻度抑郁占总人数的11.7%，中度抑郁占总人数的8.9%，重度抑郁占总人数的5.5%。2、同伴排斥与研究对象的性别组（p<0.05）、是否为独生子女组（p<0.001），是否寄宿组存在差异（p<0.01）；抑郁在性别（p<0.05）、是否为独生子女组（p<0.001）存在显著差异；积极情绪调节困难在是否寄宿（p<0.05）、是否为独生子女组（p<0.001）存在显著差异。3、青少年群体中，同伴排斥、抑郁、积极情绪调节困难三者具有的显著相关性（p<0.01）；青少年群体中，同伴排斥与抑郁呈正相关。4、同伴排斥对抑郁的预测作用显著（B=0.26，t=8.91，p<0.001），且积极情绪调节困难在同伴排斥与抑郁之间起中介作用（B=0.61,t=20.56，p<0.001）研究结论：1、在被试青少年群体中，存在着同伴排斥、抑郁情绪以及积极情绪调节困难，且在性别、是否寄宿、是否为独生子女分组中存在差异。2、同伴排斥能正向预测青少年抑郁且直接效应显著，同伴排斥的水平越高，青少年抑郁的风险越高。3、青少年群体中，同伴排斥和抑郁、积极情绪调节困难呈正相关，同伴排斥可以正向地预测抑郁，而且能通过积极情绪调节困难的中介作用正向地预测抑郁。积极情绪困难在同伴排斥和抑郁中发挥中介作用。根据以上研究，提出社会工作干预与预防青少年抑郁的建议：其一，关注作为抑郁风险因素的同伴排斥，在对于青少年抑郁等心理问题的预防与干预中重视同伴关系的建设。其二，关注作为抑郁风险因素的积极情绪调节困难，利用加强管理等手段，通过情绪行为相关小组降低抑郁风险。其三，社会工作嵌入家校合作体系中，从组织机制建设与沟通机制建设中发挥其优势。其四，认识到心理健康问题的个人化、个性化，在对不同群体青少年了解的基础之上，深入探讨原因，关注性别、住宿、独生子女等多种因素对个体的影响。

Background: the development of adolescents mental health is related to the high-quality development of adolescents, and the high-quality development of the country, depression and other psychological problems exist in adolescents, which will affect their physical and mental health development. peer as a participant in the early socialization of adolescents, affecting the growth of adolescents, the poor peer relationship will affect individual mental health. Therefore, this study from the relationship between peer rejection and adolescent depression to explore the mechanism of action, and for the prevention and intervention of adolescent depression.Objective:the purpose of this study was to explore: 1. The effect of peer rejection on depression in adolescents, and the mechanism of positive emotion regulation difficulty in adolescents.2.Social Work in the intervention of adolescents including adolescents with depression in the mental health-related recommendations.Methods: a total of 662 Junior and senior high school students from three middle schools in Henan province were investigated with peer rejection scale, Dass-21 depression scale, DERS-P positive emotion regulation difficulty scale, to measure peer rejection, depression and difficulties in positive emotion regulation. And the data were described and analyzed, difference test, correlation analysis and regression analysis, intermediary effect test analysis, and draw conclusions.The results are as follows: 1. In the study group, 26.2% of the adolescents had depression, mild depression accounted for 11.7% of the total, moderate depression accounted for 8.9% of the total, severe depression accounted for 5.5% of the total. 2. There were significant differences between peer rejection and sex group (p<0.05) , only child group (p<0.001) and boarding group (p<0.01).There were significant differences in gender (p<0.05) and only child (p<0.001).There were significant differences in positive emotion regulation between the two groups (p<0.05) and only child group (p<0.001) . 3. There was a significant correlation among peer rejection, depression and difficulty in positive emotion regulation in adolescents (p<0.01) , and there was a positive correlation between peer rejection and depression in adolescents. 4. peer rejection was a significant predictor of depression(B=0.26,t=8.91,p<0.001) , and the difficulty of positive emotion regulation mediated the relationship between peer rejection and depression(B=0.61=,t=20.56, p<0.001).Conclusion: 1. There are peer rejection, depression and difficulties in positive emotion regulation in adolescents, and there are differences in gender, whether boarding or not, whether being an only child or not. 2. peer rejection can positively predict adolescent depression. The higher the level of peer rejection, the higher the risk of adolescent depression. 3. peer rejection not only directly predicts depression, but also mediates the difficulty of positive emotion regulation. On the basis of the above research, the author come up with some advice on social work intervention and prevention of adolescent depression. First,attention as a risk factor for depression peer exclusion, we should pay attention to the construction of peer relationship in the prevention and intervention of teenagers; depression and other psychological problems.and secondly, pay attention to the difficulty of positive emotion regulation as a risk factor of depression, and reduce the risk of depression through the related groups of emotion and behavior. Thirdly, social work is embedded in the home-school cooperation system and plays its advantages in the construction of organization mechanism and communication mechanism. Fourthly, recognizing the individualization and individualization of mental health problems, based on the understanding of different groups of adolescents, in-depth study of the causes, attention to gender, accommodation, one-child and other factors on the impact of individual.