19世纪末20世纪初，随着无产阶级革命事业的发展，新的经济形势与斗争形势要求德国社会民主党发展马克思主义以满足新环境下社会革命的理论需求。在与党内机会主义分子做理论斗争、分析帝国主义时代无产阶级革命的动力、强调社会民主党进行革命所应采取的策略、评价革命事实以及积极参与无产阶级革命事业的20余年中，罗莎·卢森堡的著作串联组成她的社会革命观。但是对社会民主党与无产阶级群众之间关系的深入分析的遗落，也导致在很长一段时间内她对社会民主党抱有幻想。直至生命的最后几年，卢森堡才在实践上初步地做出解决这一关系问题的尝试。而对于这一问题在理论上的分析与回答，则有待补完。

卢森堡的社会革命事业的失败不仅是她个人的失败，而且是德国社会民主党左派乃至整个德国社会民主党的失败的缩影。为了发现卢森堡社会革命观中蕴含的时代问题，需要整体地梳理卢森堡的社会革命思想，并结合她的革命实践，发现并提出她所遗落的问题，即“相对独立的党与无产阶级的关系”问题。在这一思路的指导下，首先从整体上找出卢森堡社会革命观的组成部分，并根据结果分为三条线索。根据线索，分别整理卢森堡社会革命观的历史必然性部分、社会革命方法部分、社会革命实践看法部分。在对卢森堡社会革命观梳理的基础上，发现并提出卢森堡社会革命观的问题。在对卢森堡的社会革命观的整理过程之中，可以发现在她的社会革命观中存在一些细节上的问题。但只有从整体的社会革命观的角度出发，才能找到她的社会革命观中的时代问题。在德国社会民主党时期，卢森堡在社会革命实践上的消极状态和她在理论上的积极态度大相径庭。正是从这里入手，可以找到卢森堡社会革命观中包含的问题。卢森堡在革命事业上的不成功，根源于她理论上的一个没有得到解决的问题，即社会民主党和无产阶级的关系问题，在社会革命的历史意义上，这也是社会革命的再生产问题。要回答这一问题，就要从无产阶级在社会革命中的地位与作用这一角度出发进行回应。理论上的回应在于，要实现积极的社会革命再生产，就必须在理论上、政治上、组织上充分发挥无产阶级的能动作用。但这个问题始终是一个带有实践性质的问题，因而这个问题的真正回答，不能仅从理论中寻找，还必须在实践中给出。

At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, with the development of proletarian revolutionary cause, the new economic situation and struggle situation required the social Democratic Party to develop Marxism to meet the theoretical needs of social revolution under the new environment. During more than 20 years of theoretical struggle with opportunist elements in the party, analysis of the power of proletarian revolution in the era of imperialism, emphasis on the strategies that Social Democratic Party should take to carry out revolution, evaluation of revolutionary facts and active participation in the cause of proletarian revolution, Rosa Luxemburg's works constitute her view of social revolution. But the legacy of an in-depth analysis of the relationship between the Social Democrats and the proletarian masses also led her to become disillusioned with the Social Democrats for a long time. Only in the last years of its life did Luxembourg make a tentative attempt in practice to solve the problem of this relationship. However, the theoretical analysis and answer of this question need to be completed.

The failure of Luxembourg's cause of social revolution is not only her personal failure, but also a microcosm of the failure of the German Social Democratic left and the German Social Democratic Party as a whole. In order to discover the problems of The Times contained in Luxembourg's concept of social revolution, it is necessary to sort out Luxembourg's ideas of social revolution as a whole, and combine with her revolutionary practice, find and put forward the problems she left out, namely the "relatively independent party and the proletariat" problem. Under the guidance of this train of thought, the author first finds out the components of Luxembourg's social revolution view on the whole, and divides them into three clues according to the results. According to the clues, this paper arranges the historical inevitability part, social revolution method part and social revolution practice part of Luxembourg social revolution view respectively. On the basis of sorting out the Luxembourg social revolution view, we will find and put forward the problems of Luxembourg social revolution view. In the process of sorting out Luxembourg's view of social revolution, it can be found that there are some details in her view of social revolution. But only from the perspective of the whole social revolution view, we can find the problems of The Times in her social revolution view. During the Social Democratic period of Germany, Luxembourg's passivity in the practice of social revolution was at odds with her positivity in theory. It is from here that one can find the problem contained in Luxembourg's view of social revolution. Luxembourg's failure to succeed in the cause of revolution is rooted in an unsolved problem in her theory, namely, the problem of the relationship between the Social Democrats and the proletariat, which, in the historical sense of social revolution, is also the problem of the reproduction of social revolution. To answer this question, it is necessary to respond from the perspective of the status and role of the proletariat in the social revolution. The theoretical response is that in order to achieve positive social revolutionary reproduction, we must give full play to the dynamic role of the proletariat theoretically, politically and organizationally. But this question is always a question of practical nature, so the real answer to this question cannot only be found in theory, but also must be given in practice.