目的：通过调查1979-2019年中国7～22岁学生肺功能水平以及纵向变迁，探索中国青少年肺活量的变迁特征以及存在的城乡和性别差异，以期为提升我国学生体质水平提供参考。
方法：通过文献资料分析、数理统计分析和对比分析，对1979-2019年中国学生体质与健康调研测试数据中7～22岁学生肺活量的变化情况进行了深入研究，以期获得更加准确的结论。
结果：1、1985-2005年我国学生肺活量均值为下降趋势，2005-2019年肺活量均值为上升趋势。1979-2019年我国7-22岁学生肺活量基本随着年龄的增长逐渐增长，我国学生的肺活量均值呈上升趋势。
2、城市男生和女生的肺活量整体上要优于乡村男生和女生，11-18岁城乡男生有增长变化，女生变化不明显。
3、男生的肺活量在各个年龄段基本高于女生，肺活量差异最大的阶段出现12-18岁，差距于18岁后保持稳定。
结论：1、1979-2019年我国学生肺活量的均值首先下降后上升，学生肺活量基本逐岁增长。
2、城市男生和女生的肺活量整体上要优于乡村男生和女生，城乡之间的肺活量均值差距基本保持稳定。
3、男生的肺活量基本在各个年龄段均高于女生，12-18岁肺活量差异最大。

OBJECTIVE: To explore the changing characteristics of spirometry and the existence of urban-rural and gender differences among Chinese adolescents by investigating the level of lung function and the longitudinal changes among students aged 7 to 22 years from 1979 to 2019, with a view to providing a reference for improving the physical fitness level of students in China.
METHODS: Through literature analysis, mathematical and statistical analysis, and comparative analysis, we conducted an in-depth study on the changes in spirometry of students aged 7 to 22 years in the data of Chinese students' physical fitness and health research tests from 1979 to 2019 in order to obtain more accurate conclusions.
RESULTS: 1, The mean lung capacity of our students from 1985-2005 was a decreasing trend, and the mean lung capacity from 2005-2019 was an increasing trend. 1979-2019 lung capacity of our students aged 7-22 years basically increased gradually with age, and the mean lung capacity of our students was an increasing trend.
2, Urban boys and girls lung capacity overall better than rural boys and girls, 11-18 years old urban and rural boys have growth changes, girls change is not obvious.
3, The lung capacity of boys is basically higher than that of girls at all ages, and the stage with the greatest difference in lung capacity appears at the age of 12-18, and the gap remains stable after the age of 18.
CONCLUSIONS: 1. The mean spirometry values of students aged 7-22 years in China in general showed a decreasing and then increasing trend from 1979 to 2019, and the spirometry of students basically increased from year to year.
2, Urban boys and girls have better lung volumes overall than rural boys and girls, and the gap in mean lung volumes between urban and rural areas has remained basically stable.
3, The lung capacity of male students is basically higher than that of female students in all age groups, and the difference in lung capacity between 12 and 18 years old is the largest.