为了考察家庭经济资本、社会资本和文化资本三者同儿童学业成绩的相关性，以期向家长、学校及政府制定政策提供建议，研究采用定量调查，面向山东省青岛市黄岛区三所小学的分布于不同年级的三百余名学生家长发出电子问卷，运用spss22.0软件解析调查所得来的数据，得出家庭背景同儿童学业成绩二者内在的相互关联：家庭的经济资本与儿童的学习成绩不相关；社会资本与文化资本对学习成绩的影响较大，其中父母在家中与子女交流的频率是对学习成绩产生影响的最主要的因素。

To study the relationships of the families’ economics, social capital and cultural capital and the students’ examination performance,then making the recommendations to the parents,schools and government, the research use the quantitative measure ,which means distributing questionnaires among 313 parents from different grades and primary schools in Qingdao,Shandong Province.Through operating SPSS22.0, it provides the analytic about the data.On this foundation,it comes to some conclusions:first,economics is independent of the students’ examination performance;second,students’ examination performance is influenced strongly by social capital and cultural capital,especially the frequency of communication between parents and students.