汤球，徽州黟县人，晚清著名的辑佚学家、历史学家。一生辑众多佚书，尤其致力于两晋十六国史的辑佚，他所辑两晋十六国史的辑本共七本，包括《汉晋春秋辑本》、《晋阳秋辑本》、《晋纪辑本》、《九家旧晋书辑本》、《三十国春秋辑本》、《十六国春秋辑补》、《十六国春秋纂录校本》。他的辑本体例完备、内容宏富、注释详细、补充史料较多，对于现代研究两晋十六国史具有重要意义。 本文主要从三个方面对汤球及其两晋十六国史进行研究，首先是对汤球的生平与学术经历进行研究，分析汤球生活的时代背景、介绍汤球的生平经历及学术交往情况，并全面总结汤球的学术成果。其次是对汤球在两晋十六国史方面的辑佚做系统的分析研究，主要是从辑佚成就、辑本的特点、辑佚的方法和思想三个方面进行分析。汤球辑本的主要优点在于体例完备、内容宏富、注释详细、史料补充较多。同时，其辑本具有一定的缺点，主要体现在错辑、漏辑，史料来源多是类书等问题上。汤球的辑本的辑佚方法各个辑本各有不同，会根据所辑佚书原书的体例，采用不同的方法对其所辑史料进行编纂，主要体现在辑本的史料的选取方法、辑本史料的补充方法、辑本编纂方法三个方面。最后，是对汤球两晋十六国史辑佚的史料学成就进行分析研究，对其史料的来源做出具体研究、史料的数量进行系统的统计，对其补充史料的价值也做出具体的分析研究。 总体来说，汤球的两晋十六国史辑本虽然有一定的缺点，但是汤球整理搜集的两晋十六国史料对于保存散佚史料，研究两晋十六国史具有重要意义。

Tang Qiu, a native of Yi County in Huizhou, was a famous editor and historian in the late Qing Dynasty. He collected seven books of the history of the sixteen Kingdoms of the two Jin dynasties, which he collected in his lifetime, especially devoted to the compilation of the history of the sixteen Kingdoms of the two Jin dynasties, including “The Han Jin Chunqiu Collection”, “The Jinyang Autumn Collection”, “The Jin Chronicle”, and“The nine old Jin Books”.“Spring and Autumn Collection of the Thirty Kingdoms”,“Supplement to the Spring and Autumn Series of the Sixteen Kingdoms”, “School-based compilation of the Spring and Autumn period of the Sixteen Kingdoms”. His compilation style is complete, the content is rich, the annotation is detailed, and there are many supplementary historical materials, which is of great significance to the modern study of the history of the sixteen and six Kingdoms of the two Jin dynasties. This paper mainly studies Tang Qiu and its history of 16 Kingdoms in Jin Dynasty from three aspects. First of all, it studies the life and academic experience of Tang Ball, analyzes the background of Tang Ball's life, and introduces the life experience and academic communication of Tang Ball. And summarize the academic achievements of Tang Qiu in an all-round way. Secondly, it makes a systematic analysis and research on Tang Qiu's collection of the history of the 16 Kingdoms in the Jin Dynasty, mainly from three aspects: the achievements of the collection, the characteristics of the collection, the methods and ideas of the collection. The main advantages of Tang ball collection are complete style, rich content, detailed notes and more historical materials. At the same time, some shortcomings are mainly reflected in the wrong collection and leakage. Series, the source of historical materials are mostly books and other issues. The compilation methods of Tang Qiu's compilation books are different. According to the style of the original books, different methods are adopted to compile them, which are mainly reflected in the selection of the historical materials and the supplementary methods of compiling the historical materials of the collected books, as well as the methods of compiling the original books, which are mainly reflected in the selection of the historical materials of the collection and the supplementary methods of compiling the historical materials. There are three aspects of compilation method. Finally, the author makes an analysis and research on the achievements of Tang Qiu's historical materials, the source of historical materials, the quantity of historical materials, and the value of supplementary historical materials in Tang Qiu and Jin dynasties, and also makes a concrete analysis and research on the value of the historical materials lost in Tang Qiu and Jin dynasties, and makes a concrete research on the source of the historical materials. Generally speaking, although there are some shortcomings in Tang Qiu's two Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms Historical Collection, it is of great significance for Tang Qiu to keep lost historical data and study the history of two Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms by collating and collecting the historical data of two Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms.