本论文建立了一种简单的一维电介质模型。通过Matlab作数值计算，我们运用了龙格库塔方法求出在外加电场情况下电介质模型的电子运动轨迹并通过牛顿迭代法进一步计算得到了电子的平衡位置，获得了其在外电场下新的稳定极化分布。总结了在均匀电场和点电荷电场下电荷极化与一维电介质中原子总数n、电荷量q、原子核间距R、电场强度E之间的规律。最终计算得到该模型在小电场下的适用范围。本论文运用了传统研究方法建立了新的数值计算程序，为处理一维电介质极化这一类问题提供了一种较为有价值的尝试。

In this paper, a simple one-dimensional dielectric model is established. Through MATLAB numerical calculation, we use Runge-Kutta method to find the trajectory of the electron movement in the dielectric model in the case of external electric field and Newton iteration method to further calculate the equilibrium position of the electron, obtain its new stable polarization distribution in the external electric field. The law between charge polarization and the total number of atoms N, the amount of charge q, the distance between nuclei R and the electric field intensity E in one-dimensional dielectric under uniform electric field and point charge electric field is summarized. Finally, the applicable range of the model in small electric field is calculated. In this paper, a new numerical calculation program is established by using the traditional research method, which provides a valuable attempt to deal with the problem of one-dimensional dielectric.