中国“走出去”已逾40年，在诸如经济、科技上取得了长足进步，并在2006年明确提出了文化“走出去”战略。时间拉近到近些年，习近平总书记多次对外宣和外宣翻译工作做出重要指示，要加强和改进对外宣传工作，增强中华文化传播力影响力。作为一种官方文件，中国政府白皮书及其英译本是对外宣传中不可或缺的一部分。白皮书中丰富的文化负载词承载着中华民族特色文化的底蕴，其翻译对讲好中国故事，传播好中国声音，助力中国文化“走出去”至关重要。

本研究以中国2023年所颁布的五本白皮书中为研究材料，选取其中的100个文化负载词为研究对象，并根据尤金·奈达对文化负载词的分类，将它们分为五类。基于生态翻译学，根据其理论基础翻译适应选择论，探究译者在对文化负载词的翻译过程中，是如何适应其翻译生态环境并对译文进行选择。同时，本研究特别关注译者在“三维转换”视角下如何传达文化负载词的语言形式、文化内涵和交际意图。

本研究得出以下结论：（1）除在语言文化负载词上实施了“归化为主，异化为辅”的策略，译者在其他四类词上基本做到了两者的平衡。同时，译者在归化策略下运用了释义法、套译法、释义+套译、改译和仿译；在异化策略下，运用了音译、直译、音译+直译以及逐字翻译。（2）在生态翻译学视角下，译者受到了翻译生态环境的制约，同时辨别出语言文化负载词较之其他四类在白皮书中的作用，继而实施了对应的翻译策略。（3）译者在语言维上的转换，体现在词汇丰富性、句式多样性及修辞手法的运用；在文化维上，体现在对语言文化、文化习俗、文化符号及文化观念的传递；在交际维上，体现在概要翻译（或选择性翻译）及在翻译中“转换因果”。

Having spanned over 40 years, China’s “going global” initiative achieved significant progress in areas such as economy and technology, while in 2006, “Culture Exporting” strategy was explicitly formulated. In recently years, General Secretary Xi Jinping has issued important directives on many occasions that publicity works and their translation should build up to promote Chinese cultural communication and influence. As an official document, White Papers of the Chinese Government and their English translation is an indispensable part of publicity. The rich cultural connotations in them carry the profound cultural heritage of Chinese nation. Their translation is crucial for telling Chinese stories well, spreading China’s voice efficiently, and boosting China’s “Culture Exporting” strategy.

       This study takes five white papers issued in 2023 as its research materials, selecting 100 culture-loaded terms from them as the research objects and categorizing them into five groups according to Eugene A. Nida’s classification of culture-loaded terms. Drawing on Eco-translatology, this study investigates how translators adapted to the translational eco-environment and translated culture-loaded terms. At the same time,
this study particularly examines how translators, viewed through the lens of three-dimensional transformations, rendered linguistic forms, cultural connotations, and communicative intentions of culture-loaded terms.

This study draws the following conclusions: 1. Translators implemented “domestication as the main strategy, foreignization as the subsidiary” for linguistic culture-loaded terms, while maintaining a balance between the two for the other four types of terms. Under the domestication strategy, translators employed paraphrase, idiomatic translation, paraphrase+ idiomatic translation, variation translation, imitation; under the foreignization strategy, they employed transliteration, literal translation, transliteration+ literal translation, and word-for-word translation 2. From the perspective of Eco-translatology, translators were constrained by the translational eco-environment, who had discerned the role of linguistic culture-loaded terms compared to the other four types in the white papers, thereby executing corresponding translation strategies. 3. Translators’ linguistic transformations were reflected in the richness of vocabulary, the diversity of sentence structures, and the use of rhetorical devices; in terms of cultural transformations, they were revealed in the transmission of language culture, cultural customs, cultural symbols, and cultural values; in communicative transformations, they were mirrored in summative translation (or selective translation), and in “shifting cause and effect” in translation.