上海舞潮案是1948年国民政府禁舞风波下上海舞业与上海政府的一场冲突。在内战环境下，国民政府利用1934年新生活运动后兴起的中国传统伦理道德指控身为新女性的舞女，并要求上海政府禁舞，其背后亦有在内战吃紧背景下加强控制上海地方政府的考量。出于税收和上海安定考虑，上海市政府对舞女的态度较为缓和，调和南京中央与舞女群体的关系。但是，国民政府标榜女性的旧道德，与舞女代表的新风尚无法调和，强力关闭舞厅，最终引发上海舞潮案。国民政府没有考虑到新女性的生存困境，而是选择舞女成为其政治求生的棋子，假借指控舞女意图站在道德制高点，在自身生存困难面前选择攻击弱势群体，实则显示了它们的虚弱。上海舞女难以抵抗国民政府主导的旧道德思想，也无法选择其他职业。此次舞潮案是五四运动以来舞女群体生存困境的缩影，舞女是新式外来职业，无法摆脱其为奢靡之风代表的社会指摘，极易成为政治运动的靶子；舞女出于生存选择这一职业，客观上被金钱和物欲束缚，与五四运动以来的妇女解放要求并不相适应。结合当时形势，1948年上海舞潮案体现出的舞女和南京国民政府的困境，预示着旧社会即将瓦解，新社会即将到来。

The Shanghai Dance Industry Collective Violence Case is a conflict between Shanghai dance industry and Shanghai government under the nationalist government's dance ban in 1948. In the context of the civil war, the nationalist government took advantage of the Chinese traditional ethics that arose after the New Life Movement in 1934 to accuse dancers who were new women, and asked the Shanghai government to ban dancing, which was also behind the consideration of strengthening control over the local government of Shanghai in the context of the tight civil war. Out of consideration of tax revenue and stability of Shanghai, the Shanghai municipal government has taken a more moderate attitude towards the dancers and reconciled the relationship between the Nanjing central Committee and the dancers. However, the nationalist government advertised the old morality of women, and the new fashion of female dancers could not be reconciled, and forcibly closed the dance hall, which eventually led to the Shanghai Dance Industry Collective Violence Case. The national government did not consider the survival plight of new women, but chose dancers as pawns for its political survival. Under the pretext of accusing dancers of trying to stand on the moral high ground, choosing to attack vulnerable groups in the face of their own survival difficulties actually showed their weakness. Shanghai dancers could not resist the old moral ideology dominated by the nationalist government and could not choose other careers. The Shanghai Dance Industry Collective Violence Case is the epitome of the survival predicament of female dancers since the New Culture Movement. Female dancers are a new foreign industry, unable to get rid of the social criticism on the representative of extravagance, and easily become the target of political movements. The choice of dancing girls for survival is objectively bound by money and material desire, which does not meet the requirements of women's liberation since the New Culture Movement. Combined with the situation at that time, the predicament of the dancers and the national government of Nanjing reflected in the Shanghai Dance Industry Collective Violence Case in 1948 indicated that the old society was about to collapse and the new society was about to come.