2022 年卡塔尔世界杯是近几年世界足坛最重要的足球赛事，随着阿根廷队的夺冠，梅西的封王，四年一届的盛宴落下帷幕。世界杯代表着世界最高水平的足球赛事，各支高水平球队在比赛中展现出了高质量的技战术水平，每一届世界杯展现出的技战术水平也推动着世界足球的发展。进攻赢得比赛，防守赢得冠军，防守技战术的运用影响着一场足球比赛的进程与结果，在世界大赛中走到最后的球队往往是防守出色的球队，所以卡塔尔世界杯四强球队的防守技战术运用有重要的研究价值。正是基于以上背景，本研究综合运用了文献资料法、录像观察法、数理统计法、逻辑
分析法，对 2022 年卡塔尔世界杯四强球队参与的总共 23 场比赛中抢球、断球、争顶球、铲球四项防守技术和前场逼迫式、逐步回撤式、快速回收密集式等防守战术指标进行统计并针对其运用情况分析，归纳总结出世界高水平球队防守技战术的运用特点，为我国的各级职业球队、北京师范大学足球队以及青少年足球的防守技战术训练及比赛方面提供一定的参考。本研究得出以下结论：
1．在防守失球方面，本届世界杯四强球队的整体防守较为稳固，场均失球少。摩洛哥队的零失球场次最多，场均失球最少。在比赛阵型方面，4-3-3 阵型在本届世界杯比赛中被四强球队普遍运用。本届世界杯四强球队各有常用的阵型，阿根廷队是 4-4-2 和 4-3-3 阵型，法国队是 4-2-3-1 阵型，克罗地亚队是 4-3-3 阵型，摩洛哥队是 4-3-3 阵型。
2．防守技术运用方面，抢球是运用次数最多的防守技术，铲球运用次数最少。断球和争顶球技术运用成功率最高，抢球技术的运用的成功率较低。不同位置球员运用防守技术方面，后卫运用抢球、争顶球、铲球技术次数最多，运用抢球、断球、争顶球技术成功率最高，前卫运用断球技术最多，运用铲球技术成功率最高。
3．防守战术运用方面，四强球队运用快速回收密集式和逐步回撤式防守战术成功率较高，快速回收密集式防守是运用最多次数的防守战术，并且运用成功率最高。前场逼迫式防守是运用最少次数的防守战术，此项防守战术运用最为成功的是阿根廷队。四强球队在比赛的平局阶段和领先阶段大多运用快速回收密集式防守战术且运用成功率较高，在平局阶段运用逐步回撤式防守战术的成功率最高。定位球防守方面，阿根廷队定位球防守失球最少并且防守成功率最高。阿根廷队让对手获得前场任意球次数最多，让对手获得角球次数最少。

FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022 is the most important soccer tournament in world football

in recent years, and with Argentina's win and Lionel Messi's crowning, the curtain came down on

the quadrennial feast. The World Cup represents the highest level of soccer in the world, and the

high level teams have shown high quality technical and tactical level in the competition, and the

technical and tactical level shown in each World Cup also promotes the development of world

soccer. Offense wins the game, defense wins the championship, the use of defensive techniques

and tactics affects the course and result of a soccer game, and the team that goes to the end in the

world tournament is often the team with excellent defense, so the use of defensive techniques

and tactics of the top four teams in Qatar World Cup has important research value.

It is based on the above background, this study uses a combination of literature, video

observation, mathematical statistics, and logical analysis to analyze the four defensive techniques

of ball grabbing, ball breaking, ball fighting, and ball shoveling and the defensive tactical

indicators of forward pressing, gradual retraction, and quick recovery intensive in a total of 23

games participated by the four top teams of the FIFA World Cup Qatar 2022, and analyze them

with respect to their use, to summarize This study will provide some reference for the training

and competition of defensive techniques and tactics for professional teams, Beijing Normal

University and youth soccer teams in China. The following conclusions were drawn from this

study:

1.In terms of defensive goals conceded, the overall defense of the top four teams in this

World Cup is more solid, with less goals conceded on average. Morocco has conceded zero goals

for the most number of games and conceded the fewest goals per game. In terms of formation,

the 4-3-3 formation was commonly used by the top four teams in this year's World Cup. The top

four teams in this year's World Cup each have a common formation, Argentina is 4-4-2 and 4-3-3

formation, France is 4-2-3-1 formation, Croatia is 4-3-3 formation, Morocco is 4-3-3 formation.

2.In terms of defensive techniques, the most used defensive technique is the ball

4grabbing, and the least used is the shoveling. The success rate of the two defensive techniques of

ball breaking and scramble was the highest, while the success rate of the ball grabbing technique

was lower. In terms of defensive techniques used by players in different positions, defenders

used the most times of stealing, topping and shoveling, and had the highest success rate of using

stealing, ball breaking and topping techniques, while forwards used the most times of ball

breaking and had the highest success rate of using shoveling techniques.

3.The use of defensive tactics, the top four teams use fast recovery intensive and

gradually retreat type of defensive tactics with a high success rate, fast recovery intensive

defense is the most used defensive tactics, and the use of the highest success rate. The most

successful defensive tactic was used by Argentina. The top four teams mostly used the

fast-recovery intensive defensive tactics in the tie and lead phases of the game and had the

highest success rate, while the gradual retreat defensive tactics in the tie phase had the highest

success rate. In terms of defending set pieces, Argentina conceded the fewest set pieces and had

the highest success rate in defending them. Argentina allowed the most free kicks and the fewest

corner kicks in front of goal.