21世纪以来，我国人口老龄化的社会趋势愈发明显，成年人失能情况下的权益保障问题突出，众多国家已对本国的成年人监护制度进行修订，增设了成年人意定监护制度。2017年通过的《中华人民共和国民法总则》将2012年修订的《中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法》中的“老年人意定监护”扩展为“成年意定监护”，其适用对象也由“具有完全民事行为能力的老年人”扩展为“具有完全民事行为能力的成年人”。根据法律规定，成年人可以在其有行为能力时，与自己选任的监护人签订监护协议，约定今后因身体或精神原因丧失或部分丧失民事行为行为能力时，将自己人身及财产事项交由意定监护人进行处置，以延续自我意思表示。意定监护制度的核心是选定意定监护人，但在实践中，却暴露出我国意定监护人制度的可操作性有待加强等问题。因此，对意定监护人的任职资格和程序、意定监护人的职责及意定监护人的监督制度的规定应当细化。为促进该制度能更好地尊重和保障成年人权益，有必要对成年意定监护中的监护人制度进行研究，以增强其操作性和适用性。本文采用文献研究法、案例分析法和比较研究法，从实践出发，结合我国实情，在借鉴美国、英国、德国、日本等国家有关意定监护人制度的基础上，对我国意定监护人制度提出若干完善建议。
除摘要和引言外，本文由五个部分组成。
第一章对我国意定监护人制度的现状进行介绍，并对立法和实践中的问题进行评述。认为我国目前在意定监护人的任职资格和程序、意定监护人的职责及意定监护人的监督制度方面还有待完善。
第二章通过对美国、英国、德国、日本四国意定监护人制度的比较研究，借鉴不同国家的意定监护人制度，遵从尊重被监护人真实意愿和最大程度保障被监护人权益的原则，以求为我国意定监护人制度的完善提供参考。
第三章对意定监护人在任职资格和程序方面的完善提出建议。明确意定监护人的任职应优先于法定监护人，并从积极条件和消极条件两方面对意定监护人的任职条件进行完善。规范意定监护人的任职确认情形，并对意定监护人的履职程序进行完善。
第四章主要讨论意定监护人职责的完善。当事人双方可以约定监护事务的范围，包括对被监护人实施财产管理、人身照看及其他涉及被监护人权益的行为。意定监护的内容虽由双方相互约定，是当事人意思自治的表现，但依据最大程度保障被监护人利益的原则，需要对意定监护人的财产及人身管理权限进行明确，特别在处置重大财产性事项和医疗健康照顾时，要明确职责范围和履行程序。认为意定监护人应享有获得报酬权、辞任权，并对辞任权的事由进行研究。在监护人责任方面，对监护人损害被监护人责任和被监护人侵权导致的第三人责任进行了研究。
第五章主要探讨建立意定监护人的监督制度。在意定监护协议生效后，若发生意定监护人侵犯被监护人合法权益的情况，需有有效的监督机制进行约束。通过对各国监护人的模式进行分析，认为我国需采取公力监督和私力监督相结合的双轨制监督模式。明确了法院、民政部门的监督范围，落实法院为判定意定监护生效和撤销的认定机构，民政部门应对意定监护进行日常监督。同时，将选任意定监护监督人作为意定监护协议的必要条款，并对监督人的选任范围、职责范围进行明确。

Since the 21st century, the social trend of China's aging population has become more apparent, and the issue of the protection of rights and interests in the case of adult disability has become more prominent. Many countries have revised the national adult guardianship system and added an adult intentional guardianship system. According to the regulations adopted in the law, 2017 expands the “Adult Intentional Guardianship” in the “Elderly Intentional Guardianship Law” amended in 2012 to “Adult Intentional Guardianship”. "Elderly with civil capacity" is expanded to "adult with full civil capacity". According to the law, an adult can sign a guardianship agreement with a guardian he chooses when he has the capacity, and agrees to hand over his personal and property matters to the will when he loses or partially loses his capacity for civil conduct due to physical or mental reasons. The guardian exercises to continue the self-expression. The core of the intended guardianship system is the selection of the intended guardian, but China has no detailed provisions on the terms and procedures of the intended guardian ’s appointment, the duties of the intended guardian and the supervision system of the intended guardian. In order to respect and protect the rights and interests of adults, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive study of the supervisor system in adult-intention guardianship to enhance its operability and applicability. This article combines the literature research method and the comparative research method, based on the practical problems of the intended guardianship system, combined with the relevant provisions of the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan and other countries on the intended guardianship system, attempts to propose the perfect path of the intended guardianship system in China.
The first part of this article introduces the current situation of China's intentional guardian system and reviews the issues in legislation and practice. It is believed that China's conditions and procedures for the intended guardian, the duties of the intended guardian and the supervision system of the intended guardian need to be improved.
In the second part of this article, through a comparative study of the intended guardianship system in the United States, Britain, Germany, Japan, and the four countries, combined with China ’s guardianship principles of “most beneficial to the guardian” and “maximum respect for the guardian ’s true will” The national intentional guardian system is used for reference to provide inspiration for the improvement of China's intentional guardian system.
The third part of this article makes suggestions on the perfection of the terms and procedures of the intended guardian. The appointment of the intended guardian is related to the vital interests of the guardian. The positive and negative conditions are studied in terms of the intended guardian ’s employment conditions. Clarified the judging criteria for the ability of the guardian in the effective procedure, the applicant, the applicant institution and the special effective situation.
The fourth part of this article mainly discusses the perfection of the duty of the intended guardian. The duty of the intended guardian is mainly to act on behalf of the guardian to protect his personal, property and other rights. Although the content of the agreement is mutually agreed by both parties, it is self-governing, but according to the principle of protecting the interests of the guardian to the greatest extent, it is necessary to clarify the property and personal management authority of the intended guardian. It is necessary to clarify the scope of responsibilities and procedures. With regard to the guardian ’s liability, the third party ’s liability due to the guardian ’s damage to the guardian and the guardian ’s infringement is studied.
The fifth part of this article mainly discusses the establishment of the supervision system of the intended guardian. After the intentional guardianship agreement takes effect, if an intentional guardian infringes on the legal rights and interests of the guardian, the effective supervision mechanism shall be used for restraint. By analyzing the applicable models of guardians in various countries, we believe that China should adopt a dual-track model combining public supervision and private supervision. In terms of the content of supervision, the scope of supervision by the court and civil affairs department shall be clarified, and the court shall be recognized as the institution for determining the effective and revocation of intentional guardianship. The selection of arbitrary guardianship supervisors will be the necessary terms of the intentional guardianship agreement, and the scope of supervisors' selection and responsibilities will be clarified.