当今集人工智能、大数据、物联网等为一体的科技革命和产业变革迅猛发展，长期影响和改变人类的生活方式并不断升级，推动人类文明发展进入新征程，人类进入信息社会。需要注意的是，新技术新业态在为人类文明带来便利的同时，人类自身也付出了沉重的代价，集中表现为人的异化问题。大卫·哈维作为晚期马克思主义的重要代表，针对西方发达资本主义国家的社会现实，在继承马克思的异化理论的基础上，受到列斐伏尔的全面异化思想、卢森堡的资本积累理论以及高兹的消费社会理论影响，进一步将经典马克思主义引入空间理论的研究，用马克思思想中所蕴含的对现代社会具有穿透力的分析揭示出现代人的存在状态发生了“普遍异化”，这里包含着一种蔓延的不满情绪，从而为理解当代异化现象提供了全新的研究范式。

在人类历史与文明进程中，人的异化问题不仅是劳动、消费等某一领域或某一方面的异化，当代资本主义社会呈现出“普遍异化”的趋势。大卫哈维“普遍异化”的命题，即以资本的空间扩张为中心，集中体现为时间与空间相结合、宏观与微观相结合、生产与生活相结合的全方位、各领域的异化现象。劳动异化、空间异化和消费异化是哈维“普遍异化”思想中呈现出的表现形式，其本质是当代人类发展过程中异化问题的外在性表现形式。哈维认为“普遍异化”现象的根源在于资本主义本身的高度动态性、灵活性，因而具有不可避免的扩张性，这一性质由为积累而积累的引擎所释放，资本积累是资本主义社会的本质特征，更是“普遍异化”的必然逻辑。从哈维的视角阐释当代资本主义社会中“普遍异化”问题离不开空间政治化、时空修复和剥夺积累，它为资本积累提供了制度载体、再生产条件和强化手段，进而为资本主义空间生产提供驱动机制。此外，哈维在对现代资本主义进行全方位的残酷批判基础上，一定程度上秉承马克思主义理论中“改变世界”的理论旨趣，从空间的维度阐述全球化背景下当代资本主义发展动力并探索资本主义的出路，进而提出自己的思想解放理论，即辩证的乌托邦理想。

概言之，哈维的“普遍异化”思想作为西方马克思主义理论研究的重要组成部分，其思想对于当代资本主义研究具有较大的创新性和重要的理论价值。但是任何一种思想都难以趋于完善，从马克思主义的视角评价哈维的“普遍异化”思想，能够挖掘马克思思想中的空间视角并延伸到当下人类存在状态，进而延续并论证了资本主义必然崩溃的发展趋势，同时也存在思想具有浓厚的乌托邦色彩、论证缺乏总体性的历史视野以及侧重于社会空间结构的分析的不足。

The rapid development of today's technological revolution and industrial change integrating artificial intelligence, big data and the Internet of Things has long influenced and changed the way of life of human beings and continuously upgraded, pushing the development of human civilization into a new journey and human beings into the information society. It should be noted that while the new technologies and new industries have brought convenience to human civilization, human beings themselves have also paid a heavy price, focusing on the problem of human alienation. As an important representative of late Marxism, David Harvey, in response to the social reality of Western developed capitalist countries, introduced the classical Marxist theory into the study of space theory on the basis of inheriting Marx's theory of alienation, and used the penetrating analysis of modern society contained in Marx's thought to reveal that the state of modern human existence has undergone "universal alienation "Here it contains a spreading discontent, thus providing a new research paradigm for understanding the phenomenon of contemporary alienation.

In the process of modern human development, the phenomenon of human alienation is no longer limited to a certain field or aspect of alienation, but shows a tendency of comprehensive alienation. David Harvey's proposition of "universal alienation" is centered on the spatial expansion of capital, which is concentrated on the phenomenon of alienation in all fields, combining time and space, macro and micro, production and life. Labor alienation, spatial alienation, and consumption alienation are the prominent manifestations of Harvey's idea of "universal alienation", which are the external manifestations of human alienation in the process of modern human development. According to Harvey, the root of this alienation problem lies in the fact that the high dynamism and inevitable expansion of capitalism is initiated by the engine of accumulation for the sake of accumulation, and capital accumulation is the essential characteristic and inevitable logic of capitalism. Therefore, in Harvey's perspective, "universal alienation" is still associated with capital accumulation, which provides the driving mechanism for capitalist spatial production. Capital accumulation operates under the escort of space politicization, time-space repair mechanism and deprivation accumulation, providing institutional carrier, reproduction conditions and strengthening means for capital accumulation. Harvey not only attacks various aspects of contemporary capitalism in the context of globalization, but also adheres to a certain extent to the aim of changing the world in Marxist theory, analyzes the momentum of contemporary capitalism in the context of globalization from a specific spatial perspective, explores the solution of capitalism, and puts forward his own theory of emancipation, i.e., the ideal of dialectical utopia.

To sum up, Harvey's idea of "universal alienation" has a pioneering significance and important theoretical value for the study of contemporary capitalism. Harvey's idea of "universal alienation" also has the defects of being utopian, lacking an overall historical perspective, and being biased toward the analysis of capitalist social contradictions in the context of social space.