在中国新闻史上，反对新闻失实的声音是基本一致的，但是对要达到怎样的新闻真实、如何达到这种新闻真实等观点却有着极大的不同。人们对新闻真实问题形成的系统观点，就是一定的新闻真实观。新闻真实问题是新闻学研究中的基本问题，新闻真实观则是新闻观中的重要组成部分。 本文主要阐述了中国新闻真实观的形成与演进，认为从19世纪70年代开始至20世纪70年代这一个世纪的时间里，在中国新闻思想史上形成了四种相互联系又相互区别的新闻真实观：有闻必录真实观、客观主义真实观、价值真实观和本质真实观。 本文认为，新闻与历史同属记叙传统，又由于中国的历史传统悠久深厚，因而后于历史而出现的记叙形式的新闻自然从历史记叙处继承了“实录”精神，这种“实录”精神内化在新闻记叙的血液中，很好地解释了为什么新闻事业对真实总是处于不懈的追求状态。现有的文本资料证明，中国记叙真实意识至少源于战国初期，新闻真实意识至少出现于宋代。此后，新闻真实意识在中国古代社会中分化为两个层面，一是较为强势的官方新闻真实意识，强调以统治意识形态为真；一是较为弱势的民间新闻真实意识，关注的是新闻信息的闻录性真实。但是二者在整个封建王朝中没有获得更进一步的发展。 论文的主体部分分别论述了四种新闻真实观的形成背景、思想内涵以及实践表现。19世纪70年代，中国第一种新闻真实观——有闻必录真实观登上新闻思想史的舞台。它是中国新闻业在新闻实践中自然形成的观点，从理论渊源上看是中国民间新闻真实意识在这一时期的一种总结与发挥。没有具体的倡导者。客观主义真实观主要形成于五四时期，它是西方新闻学对中国新闻学研究影响的结果，提倡以超然中立的立场报告新闻，以达到一种客观真实。其倡导者主要是新闻学研究者。价值真实观主要形成于20世纪30年代和40年代全民抗战的历史背景中，它反对客观主义真实观，认为新闻作为一种宣传工具，应该服务于一定的价值目标。其倡导者主要是处于战时状态的中国共产党人。本质真实观是价值真实观的进一步延伸，初步发生于20世纪40年代后期，是建国后至20世纪70年代之间的主导新闻真实观，其倡导者是取得统治地位的中国共产党人。它吸收了马克思主义认识论的基本观点，认为新闻不能只关注现象，更应该达到本质的真实。 中国新闻真实观的形成与演进表明了，新闻真实观不只是一个思想问题，更是一个实践问题。一个时代形成了怎样的新闻真实观，总是思想、物质等因素多重作用的结果。本文试图以此为当下新闻真实观的争论提供一种历史与实践的线索。

In the history of Chinese Journalism, the consensus has been made against false news. But there are radical different opinions as to what true news is and how they are achieved. Hence a true news outlook which constitutes an important part of news outlook has been formed concerning the question of “true news”, which is the basic question in the study of journalism. This dissertation describes the formation and evolution of t true news outlook in China and presents four kinds of true news outlook in the history of Chinese journalism from 1870’s t0 1970’s, which are “Record” True News Outlook, Objectivist True News Outlook, “Value” True News Outlook, and “Essence” True News Outlook. Journalism and history are both narratives. Journalism narrative inherited naturally the historians' spirit of recording when appeared after historical narrative. This “record” spirit which melts into the blood of news accounts for journalism’s long-lasting pursuit of truth. The existing text resources prove that the awareness of true news at least appears as early as in early Warring States Period. Since then, the awareness divided into two levels in ancient China, one is official and the other is civil. But they did not further develop during the feudal period.The body of this paper discusses the backgrounds, connotations and practice of the four kinds of true news outlook. It holds that “Record” True News Outlook came into being during 1870s, just as natural practice, and had no leading thinkers. To some extent, today’s journalism is a summary and elaboration of this civil awareness of true news outlook. The Objectivist True News Outlook is formed during the Period May 4 Movement under the influence of Western Journalism. It promotes a neutral stand so as to achieve a kind of objective truth and has the journalism researchers as advocators. “Value” True News Outlook was mainly formed in the historical background of the War of all Chinese people’s resistance against Japan in the 1930s and 1940s. It objects the Objectivist True News Outlook, and holds that journalism should serve the goal of a certain value as a propaganda tool. The advocators of this view are the Chinese communists in a wartime state. “Essence” True News Outlook is further extension of the “Value” True News Outlook. It initially occurred in the late 1940s and became the dominant view all along from the founding of the PRC to 1970s. The holders of this view are the Chinese communists who had made ruling position. It absorbs the basic view from the epistemology of Marxist theory, and considers that, journalism can not just concern about the phenomenon; it should reach the essence of reality.The history of formation and evolution of True News Outlook in China proves that it is not just a concept of ideological problem, but also a matter of practice. A certain true news outlook is always a result from the twofold purposes of ideological factors and material factors. This paper attempts to provide the clues of history and practice for the controversies over differing views on true news outlook.