本研究基于前人关于幼儿情绪理解和表达的研究，探讨了5~6岁幼儿对情绪词汇的理解和表达状况。首先，我们根据以往研究编制了由60个表达四种基本情绪（高兴、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧）词汇组成的词汇表，然后通过实验测量了被试的情绪词汇理解和表达状况。发现：（1）5~6岁幼儿基本可以理解描述四种基本情绪的诸多词汇，共能理解大约33个，分别能够理解高兴、悲伤、愤怒、恐惧情绪词汇约12个、9个、7个、5个，且对其的理解能力略高于对其的表达能力；（2）5~6岁幼儿能理解的描述高兴的情绪词汇，显著多于能理解的描述悲伤、愤怒、恐惧的情绪词汇，能表达的描述高兴的情绪词汇也显著多于描述愤怒和恐惧的情绪词汇，能表达的描述悲伤和愤怒的情绪词汇显著多于描述恐惧的情绪词汇，而对描述高兴和悲伤的情绪词汇的表达之间没有明显差异；（3）5-6岁幼儿在基本情绪词汇的理解和表达上没有明显性别差异。总之，5-6岁幼儿的情绪词汇理解和表达能力仍在发展中。

The research explored the understanding and expression of emotional vocabulary in children aged 5 to 6 years old. In order to reveal the characteristics of emotional vocabulary’s understanding and expression and to clarify which specific emotional vocabulary can be understood and expressed, the experimental method was used to measure the ability. The results of the study were as follows: (1) Children aged 5-6 years can basically understand almost 33 terms that describe the four basic emotions. And they can understand about 12, 9, 7, and 5 words of happiness, sadness, anger and fear respectively; besides, the children have a better performance on the emotional vocabulary’s understanding than expressing in relative. (2) Specifically, the accuracy of understanding of the words of happy emotions is significantly higher than that of the words describing the other three emotions (sadness, anger, fear). The number of happy words’ expressions is significantly higher than that in anger and fear words’. And the number of expression of sadness and anger words are significantly higher than fear. In addition, there was no significant difference among the expression of other emotional words. (3) There was no significant gender difference in the understanding and expression of vocabulary describing basic emotions among children aged 5-6 years. In general, the ability of understanding and expressing emotional vocabularies in 5-6 years old children is still developing.