本文在秦商鞅变法后至秦统一天下因领土扩张进而带来的行政体制变革的背景下讨论秦帝国区域行政体制的内涵，重点论述秦统一时期区域行政体制的两个问题：其一是秦郡县制统治范围内中央直辖与以郡统县两种不同管理方式的制度内涵及其演变脉络；其二是战国末期秦迅速统一带来的郡县制结构下“新地”与“故地”的并立。 第一章至第四章从中央机构与郡级机构的互动下官制演变的角度讨论上述第一个问题。秦统一后，内史、中尉分别为中央直辖下“中县道”的行政、军事长官，郡级的郡守、郡尉、郡监御史为“郡县道”的地方行政长官。对“中县道”采取中央直辖沿承自秦商鞅变法以来的秦邦旧制。内史及邦尉是商鞅变法后统辖秦“邦”全境的中央职官，随着秦领土范围的扩大，郡由“军区”到“政区”，除郡守外，自中央邦尉、御史派驻于郡内的郡邦尉、监御史在秦统一之际转变为郡级职官。郡级三府新制形成后，自中央邦尉中分化出中尉，与内史共同成为职司“中县道”的中央官，由此形成中-郡并立的区域行政体制并被汉所继承。秦以“执法”作为治民执政之官事务统称用以指代中-郡并立下的内史、廷尉以及郡守，秦简所见的“（属所）执法”与汉初律令中的“（属所）二千石官”名称虽异，实际上前后相承。秦统治区域的扩张亦带动属邦制度的变化，秦的属邦创立之初为中央机构，随着秦统一地域的扩大，中央属邦又分设地方属邦作为分支机构。 第五章讨论秦统一后“新地”与“故地”的并立所体现的区域行政格局。秦王政十七年后秦加速统一进程，秦郡县制结构下“新地”与“故地”的对立凸显出来，秦于东方六国旧地新设的诸郡与前设之郡在统治政策上有较大的差异，两者基本上以“故徼”“故塞”为界，为了在新地推行秦制，秦选派大量故地官吏去往新地为“新地吏”，“新地”的列国旧民被秦称为“新黔首”，虽与秦旧民同为编户实际上有显著的身分差别。这一区域行政格局实际上渊源自长期以来秦与列国东西间的对峙，以边徼、边塞区分的秦“邦”内外在统一后转变为秦郡县制区域内部的差异。这一东西差异亦体现在汉初郡国并行体制之中，不过，因秦一统而带来的秦制在“新地”的实践，作为历史的潜流在汉初仍然影响东方社会，亦深刻影响了汉代郡县制的发展。

This article discusses the connotation of the regional administrative system of the Qin Empire under the background of the territorial expansion of the Qin Dynasty from the reformation of Shangyang to the unification. It focuses on two issues of the regional administrative system of the Qin Dynasty: one is the system connotation and evolution process of two different management modes of the commandery system——the commandery-county system and the central direct management of county; the second is the juxtaposition of "new land" and "homeland" of the regional administrative system which brought by the rapid reunification of Qin in the late Warring States Period. The first chapter to the fourth chapter discuss the first question from the viewpoint of the interaction of the central agency and commandery agency evolution. After the reunification of the Qin Dynasty, "Neishi"(内史) and "Zhongwei"(中尉) were respectively the administrative and military chiefs of "Zhongxiandao"(中县道), and "Junshou"(郡守) "Junwei"(郡尉) "Junjianyushi"(郡监御史) were respectively the local chief executives of "Junxiandao"(郡县道). The central direct management of "Zhongxiandao" came from Qin's old system since the reformation of Shangyang. Initially, "Neishi" and "Bangwei"(邦尉) were the central officials that ruled the whole state. With the expansion of Qin’s territory, "Junbangwei"(郡邦尉) and "Junjianyushi"(郡监御史) which were sent to the commandery by "Bangwei" and "Yushi"(御史) became the local chief executives as "Junshou", and "Junbangwei" also renamed to "Junwei". Accompanied by the formation of the three commandery government departments，"Zhongwei"(Divided from "Bangwei") and "Neishi" also became the central officials of the "Zhongxiandao". The center-commandery regional administrative system inherited by the Han Dynasty. Under this system, Qin used "Zhifa"(执法) as the collective name of "Neishi" "Tingwei"(廷尉) and "Junshou". The expansion of Qin’s territory also led the change of "Shubang"(属邦). With the expansion, the central institution "Shubang" was divided into local branches. The fifth chapter discusses the regional administrative structure embodied in the juxtaposition of "new land" and "homeland" after Qin’s reunification. After 230B.C., Qin accelerated the process of unification, the opposition between "new land" and "homeland" was highlighted. Qin's newly established commanderies and pre-established commanderies had big differencess in the ruling policy. The two areas basically bounded by the "Gujiao"(故徼) and "Gusai"(故塞). In order to imply the Qin system in new land, Qin selected a large number of local officials to go to the new land, and the people of new land were called as "Xinqianshou"(新黔首) that had significant identity differences between the people of homeland. The regional administrative structure was actually derived from the difference between east and west of Warring States Period, latterly, the difference transformed into the inner part with the reunification of Qin. This difference also reflects in the early Han Dynasty. However, the practice of the Qin system in the "new land" still as the undercurrent factor affected the eastern society and the regional dministrative system in the early Han Dynasty.