性别平等问题历来备受研究者的瞩目，随着女权运动的兴起，性别偏见议题受到了越来越多的关注。然而，作为性别偏见的一个侧面，善意性别偏见可能带来的负面影响却未得到广泛认识。善意性别偏见指一类主观情感上爱护女性但是将她们限制在传统性别角色上的态度，因持有者的主观好意而难以被识别为偏见。已有研究发现，善意性别偏见对女性十分不利，其一方面暗中维护了男女不平等的现状，一方面对女性的身心健康和个体发展具有负面影响。本研究的目的是探究男女平权思想日益盛行的背景下，善意性别偏见态度在家长和孩子之间的传播路径，存在形式，以及其对女性领导力涌现的影响。本研究分为三个子研究，以女性及其父母为研究对象，采用问卷调查，访谈和实验相结合的研究方法，考察了女性父母的善意性别偏见态度、女性的善意性别偏见态度、善意性别偏见环境和女性的领导力涌现之间的关系。

研究一采用问卷调查法，调查了来自北京、上海、安徽、山西等省市的165名女性和她们的至少一方家长，测量他们各自持有的善意性别偏见、女性的领导力涌现。结果发现，家长对善意性别偏见态度的认可程度正向预测了其女儿对善意性别偏见的认可程度，但无法预测女性的领导力涌现。

研究二采用半结构化访谈法，对10个有女儿的家庭和4名成年女性分别进行深度访谈，访谈文稿采用NVivo进行编码，形成编码表。发现家庭生活中对女儿的善意性别偏见主要存在于行事作为、生活照顾、婚恋态度、学业期望和工作生活期望这几个主题中。

研究三结合前人研究并采用研究二收集到的访谈文本和编码结果制作善意性别偏见研究材料，将来自全国各地60所高校的166名参与者分为实验组和控制组，并随机分到任务小组里。在任务介绍过程中，使实验组阅读带有善意性别偏见的描述材料，控制组阅读无性别偏见的描述材料，之后实验组和控制组共同组成团队在规定的时间内讨论解决简化后的迷失夏令营任务（Gershenoff& Foti, 2003）。任务完成之后，请小组成员使用两种方式评价其他成员的领导力涌现。结果发现，善意性别偏见环境对女性的领导力涌现具有显著的负面影响。

整合研究结论认为，在父母与女儿的相处过程中，无意中表现出的善意性别偏见会阻碍女性的领导力涌现。本研究对女性领导力的培养和发展提供了有效建议，对于改善社会性别偏见问题，拓展女性人才的发展空间具有重要价值。

The issue of gender equality has always been the focus of researchers. With the rise of the feminist movement, the issue of sexism has received more and more attention. However, as one of the sets of sexism, Benevolent sexism’s negative effects has not been well known to the public. Benevolent sexism refers to a subjectively positive feelings towards women but confines them to traditional gender roles. It is difficult to be recognized as sexism because of the subjective kindness of the holder. A large number of studies have found that benevolent sexism is harmful. On the one hand, it secretly maintains the status quo of inequality between men and women, and on the other hand, it has a negative effect on women's physical and mental health and individual development. The purpose of this study is to explore the transmission path and existing form of benevolent sexism between parents and children, as well as its impact on the emergence of women's leadership. This study is divided into three sub studies, taking women and their parents as the research objects, using the research methods of questionnaire survey, in-depth semi structured interviews and experiment, to investigate the relationship between parents' benevolent sexism, their daughters’ benevolent sexism, benevolent sexism environment and women's leadership emergence.

In Study 1, 165 female participants and their parents from Beijing, Shanghai, Anhui, Shanxi and other provinces and cities were investigated by questionnaire. Their benevolent sexism, women's leadership emergence were measured. The results showed that parents' recognition of the benevolent sexism positively predicted their daughters' benevolent sexism, but they could not predict women's leadership emergence.

In Study 2, 10 families and 4 women were interviewed in-depth by semi-structured interview method. The interview manuscripts were coded by NVivo to form a coding table. It is found that the benevolent sexism towards daughters at home mainly exists in the following themes: daughter’s behavior, parenting, marriage attitude, academic expectation and life expectation.

In Study 3, 166 participants from 60 universities across the country were divided into experimental group and control group, and randomly divided into task groups. In the process of task introduction, the experimental group was asked to read the description materials with benevolent sexism, while the control group was asked to read the description materials without sexism. Then the experimental group and the control group formed a team to discuss and solve the simplified Lost In Summer Camp task within the specified time （Gershenoff & Foti, 2003）. After the task is completed, ask the team members to evaluate the leadership emergence of other members in two ways. The results show that the benevolent sexism environment has a significant negative impact on the emergence of women's leadership.

The conclusion of the study is that unintentional benevolent sexism will hinder the emergence of women's leadership. This study provides suggestions for the development of women's leadership, which is of great value to improve gender equality and the development of female talents.