地理空间能力是人类对地理信息的感知、记忆和处理能力，与人的日常生活息息相关，对个人发展至关重要。本文采用眼动跟踪方法，设计实验分析不同文化背景人群的地理空间能力差异，主要包括心理旋转、空间可视化、定位定向、空间关联四个方面的能力。实验选择来自东亚、东南亚、南亚、欧洲的64名大学生作为被试。实验结果显示，不同文化背景的被试在多种地理空间能力上存在显著差异，而能力很大程度上是由认知过程决定的。欧洲组的心理旋转能力强于其它组别，东南亚组的空间可视化能力强于其它组别，东亚组的空间关联能力强于其它组别，南亚组对定位定向任务的完成效率相对最高。本研究揭示了地理空间能力的跨文化差异特征，为地图制作与应用、地理教育等相关工作提供参考。

Geospatial ability is human's perception, memory and processing ability of geographic information, which is closely related to People's daily life and crucial to personal development. In this study, we use eye-tracking data to analyze the differences of geospatial ability of people from different cultural backgrounds, which are mainly reflected in four aspects: mental rotation, spatial visualization, spatial orientation, and spatial correlation. 64 college students from east Asia, southeast Asia, South Asia and Europe were selected as participants. The results indicate that the participants from different cultural backgrounds have significant differences in various geospatial abilities, which are largely determined by cognitive processes. The mental rotation ability of the European group was stronger than that of the other groups, the spatial visualization ability of the southeast Asian group was stronger than that of the other groups, and the spatial correlation ability of the east Asian group was stronger than that of the other groups. This study reveals the cross-cultural differences in geospatial capabilities, and provides references for map making and geography education.