山东省地处我国北方，是重要的经济大省、人口大省和文化大省，战略位置极为重要。对山东省城市发展水平开展研究，并提出其发展优化思路，可为推动区域高质量发展发挥出示范效应。以“山东省城市发展质量评价与优化对策研究”为选题，充分运用文献分析法、加权分析法、空间分析方法和综合比较分析法，从创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享5个维度阐释了区域城市发展质量理论内涵，在此基础上构建了多维的山东省城市发展质量评价指标体系，以地级市为单元测度了2000-2020年山东省城市发展质量的时空动态变化，识别了不同地区影响其发展质量的障碍因素，最终基于质量评价及障碍度评价结果，提出优化路径，实现区域整体统筹发展。具体研究结果如下：

（1）依据科学性原则、区域性原则、可比性与可操作性原则、系统性和全面性原则、动态性原则，研究构建了包括经济、生态、社会三个一级目标层，创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享五个二级目标层，共23个指标的山东省城市综合发展质量评价指标体系。

（2）从时间尺度来看，济南市和青岛市位于山东省城市发展质量前两位，综合发展质量均在0.55以上。其次为沿海地区的威海市、东营市和烟台市。2000-2020年山东省各城市发展质量水平呈现波动上升趋势。虽然城市间仍存在差距，但此差距随时间变化而不断缩小。

（3）从空间尺度来看，2000到2020年，空间自相关Moran’s I指数值从0.193增至0.391，即山东省各地市近20年以来发展质量的空间相关性越来越强。2020年，在空间上形成了东高西低，沿海高内陆低的分布格局。东部沿海形成了“青岛—威海—东营”高质量发展城市组团。中部地区济南的辐射范围明显较弱。

（4）山东省城市类型主要集中在共享维度障碍型、创新维度障碍型和开放维度障碍型。二十年来，山东省城市中各城市受开放维度限制程度有所减轻，创新对各城市的限制程度进一步增加。青岛市、日照市、威海市、东营市等沿海城市对于基础设施的建设有待加强，在共享层面发展质量有所制约。

综上，基于发展质量及障碍度评价结果，研究针对不同类型的城市发展类别提出针对性的质量提升及优化措施，以期为实现区域整体统筹发展提供实践参考，为提升区域城市综合发展水平提供科学依据。

Shandong Province located in the north of our country, is an important province of strong economy，large population and rich ethnic culture, strategic position is extremely important. The study on the development level of Shandong Province cities and its development optimization paths can play an exemplary role in promoting regional high-quality development. With the topic of "Evaluation of Urban Development Quality and Optimization Measures in Shandong Province", the study makes full use of literature analysis, weighted analysis, spatial analysis and comprehensive comparative analysis methods to explain the theoretical connotation of regional urban development quality in five dimensions: innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing. A multi-dimensional evaluation index system of urban development quality in Shandong Province was constructed. We measured the spatial and temporal dynamics of urban development quality in Shandong Province from 2000 to 2020, and identified the obstacle factors affecting the development quality of different regions. Based on the results of quality evaluation and obstacle degree evaluation, we proposed the optimization path to achieve the integrated development of the region. The specific findings of the study are as follows.

(1) Based on the principles of scientificity, regionalism, comparability and operability, systematicity and comprehensiveness, and dynamism, the study constructed the quality evaluation index system of city, which included three primary target layers of economy, ecology and society, and five secondary target layers of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, with a total of 23 indicators.

(2) In terms of time scale, Jinan and Qingdao are the top two cities in Shandong province, with an overall development quality of 0.55 or above. From 2000 to 2020, the development quality of cities in Shandong Province showed a fluctuating upward trend. Although there is still a gap between cities, this gap has been narrowing over time.

(3) In terms of spatial scale, the spatial autocorrelation Moran's I index value increased from 0.193 to 0.391 from 2000 to 2020, which means the spatial correlation of the development quality of cities in the Shandong province has become stronger over the past 20 years. In 2020, the spatial distribution pattern of high in the east and low in the west, high in the coast and low in the interior, was formed. The eastern coast has formed the "Qingdao-Weihai-Dongying" group of cities with high quality development. The radiation range of Jinan in the central region is obviously weaker.

(4) The city types in Shandong Province mainly focus on sharing dimension obstacle type, innovation dimension obstacle type and open dimension obstacle type. In the past two decades, the degree of restriction of the openness dimension of cities in Shandong Province has been reduced, and the degree of restriction of innovation has further increased. Qingdao, Rizhao, Weihai, Dongying and other coastal cities need to strengthen the construction of infrastructure.

Based on the evaluation results of development quality and obstacle degree, this study puts forward targeted quality improvement and optimization measures for different types of urban development categories, in order to provide practical reference for the overall regional development and scientific basis for improving the comprehensive development level of regional cities.