随着社会经济发展和城市化进程不断扩张，交通拥堵已经成为城市生活中无法回避的问题，成为城市持续发展中必然面临的挑战。2009年北京人均GDP首次突破1万美元大关，居民消费能力增强，消费空间进一步扩大，机动车增长异常迅猛，交通需求旺盛。私人机动车保有量395万辆，占全市机动车保有量的81.3%。北京已迈入汽车时代，出行量增大引起的交通需求量远远高于道路所能提供的交通供给量的同时，交通拥堵问题也愈加突出。尽管当前本市已采取了工作日高峰区域限行、错峰上下班等一系列措施，但整体路网抗风险能力日益降低，交通瞬时瘫痪的风险将越来越高，交通管理形势异常严峻。如何优化城市交通环境、提高居民出行便利，这是社会各界普遍关注的问题。针对北京的交通现状，必须站在战略高度超前研究交通管理对策，制定交通管理规划，实现长效管理。同时，要深入分析当前交通拥堵的成因，借鉴发达国家经验，对症下药，制定有针对性的措施保障城市交通正常、有序地运转。本文通过对国内外交通管理理论、实践的介绍，进一步了解交通管理概况，北京交通拥堵成因、危害、解决方案，促进北京城市交通安全、便捷、畅通、舒适，尽快与国际接轨。因此，本文的研究无论是理论还是实践都具有比较重要的意义。

With the continuous development of social economy and urbanization, traffic congestion has become an inevitable headache in urban area and a challenge to the sustainable development of cities. In 2009, the GDP per capita has exceeded 10, 000 US dollars. The increase of consumption capacity enlarges the space of civil consumption. The vehicle population rises sharply, resulting in a strong demand for transportation. In Beijing, the population of private vehicles has reached to 3.95 million, accounting for 81.3% of the total. Beijing has entered into the motorization era. The increase of travelling demand has been far beyond the supply of roads, which intensifies the traffic congestion. Although the municipal government has launched a series countermeasures, such as traffic restriction by even/odd tags and staggered working hours, the overall risk resistance decreases continuously. The risk of instantaneous palsy of traffic is becoming higher and higher, making the traffic management situation extremely critical. How to optimize the urban traffic environment and improve the travelling of civilians on road attracts wide attentions of the society. In order to address the traffic problem in Beijing, we should research the traffic management countermeasures in advance at a strategic level, formulate traffic management planning and carry out long-term management. In addition, we should also conduct in-depth analysis of the cause of traffic congestion and find out effective countermeasures, by referring to foreign experiences, to ensure the normal and orderly operation of urban traffic. This paper discusses the theory and practices in China and overseas, analyzes the cause, harm and solution to traffic congestion, and promotes a safe, convenient, smooth and comfortable traffic in Beijing as in developed countries. Therefore, the theme of this paper has both theoretical and practical importance.