乌兰木伦旧石器时代遗址在东亚乃至欧亚大陆古人类及文化演化以及晚更新世全球环境变迁研究中具有极高的价值，对建立我国北方旧石器文化序列和与欧亚大陆同期文化对比方面都有重要的意义。本文利用地貌学和沉积学的方法，并结合14C测年和OSL测年技术，重建乌兰木伦旧石器时代遗址周边的地貌演化过程，试图为阿镇附近遗址区的考古工作提供某种古环境信息。通过野外调查、沉积剖面和年代分析得出以下结论。乌兰木伦河上游地区的地貌经历了五个大的阶段：中生代鄂尔多斯盆地堆积阶段；晚白垩世至中新世，晋陕高地隆起、夷平阶段；上新世，夷平面构造变形，红土盆地堆积阶段；早更新世至中更新世中期，新构造差异升降运动，侵蚀高地、黄土高平原与古湖泊并存阶段；中更新世中期以来，鄂尔多斯高原阶段，现代地貌的形成还可以细分为若干次一级的阶段。根据地貌与沉积的类型与相对年代，乌兰木伦河上游地区晚更新世以来的地貌演化历史还可以进一步划分以下次一级的阶段：晚更新世早、中期基岩沟谷侵蚀阶段；晚更新晚期世冲积-湖积台地与坡积黄土堆积阶段；全新世初期康巴什古湖消亡与风成沙堆积阶段；全新世中期沙丘-古土壤发育阶段；晚全新世以来现代冲沟侵蚀阶段。乌兰木伦河上游河谷是在基底断裂形成的拗陷基础之上发育的，还可能与附近的断层活动有关。乌兰木伦河上游桑盖五队-六队之间发育有五级阶地，小柳格儿沟发育有四级河流阶地，全新世有两次主要的下切过程，发生在4.9ka和1.1ka。河谷中与萨拉乌苏河城川组时代相当的河湖相沉积物形成于末次冰期。距今3.5ka形成的古土壤层和5ka～7ka的淤泥层反映了当时相对暖湿的气候环境；第十地点发育的沙楔反映了全新世早期或中期的寒冷事件；沙楔发育时候的年均温较现代低8～9℃。全新世中后期，气候波动造成了乌兰木伦河流域多期古土壤和古风成沙的演替。

The Wulanmulun Paleolithic site has a high value to learn about ancient human, culture and the late Pleistocene global environmental change in East Asia. The geomorphologic evolution can provide some environmental information to the study of the site. In this paper, the geomorphologic evolution of the upper Wulanmulun River basin has been reconstructed by methods of geomorphology and sedimentology, combining 14C and OSL dating technique.The geomorphologic evolution of the upper Wulanmulun River basin has experienced five stadges.According to the dating data and the sedimentation analysis, the process of geomorphologic evolution since the Late Pleistocene can be subdivided into several sub stages.The upper Wulanmulun River basin is developed in a depression formed at the basement fault, and may be controlled by the faults nearby. There are five river terraces at the Wulanmulun River between Sanggailiudui and Sanggaiwudui, four river terraces at the Xiaoliugeergou River. In Holocene, the upper Wulanmulun River has experienced downward erosions in 4.9ka and 1.1ka. The alluvial-lacustrine sediments are mainly formed in the last glacial period. Ordos was warmer and wetter in about 5ka～7ka and 3.5ka, and the paleosol and aeolian activities may be influenced by the local geomorphologic differences.Sandwedge at Locality 10 and freeze thaw folds at Kangbashi terrance, reflect some cold events in Holocene. The climate fluctuates several times in Ordos during Holocene.