马克思是在同形形色色错误思潮斗争和交锋中捍卫马克思主义理论真理价值的，而拉萨尔主义则是马克思同众多错误思潮斗争的重要对象之一。拉萨尔主义自登上德国工人运动政治舞台之后就备受马克思、恩格斯的关注，然而随着拉萨尔机会主义实质逐渐显现，马克思恩格斯果断与其划清界限并展开捍卫马克思主义的斗争，此中阐述了一系列科学社会主义理论观点至今仍具时代价值。

拉萨尔主义作为一种社会思潮曾弥漫于十九世纪六七十年代德国工人运动中。拉萨尔凭借在工人中高人气当选全德工人联合会第一任主席，从超阶级国家观和铁的工资规律理论观点出发，鼓动工人通过争得普选权和依靠国家帮助来建立生产合作社的方式过渡到“国家社会主义”，企图将工人运动引入歧途。这一思潮的思想实质是站在小资产阶级政治立场上，宣扬以历史唯心主义和庸俗政治经济学为基础的机会主义纲领路线，拿德国工人运动未来去实现其政治野心。为了捍卫科学社会主义基本原则，绝不拿原则来做交易，马克思多次执笔系统批判了拉萨尔的机会主义纲领路线。在全面剖析拉萨尔主义错误思想实质基础上，马克思进一步阐明了无产阶级革命路线和科学社会主义基本原理。马克思认为资本主义和共产主义之间有着以无产阶级革命专政为政治特征的“过渡时期”，并且共产主义社会有着第一阶段和高级阶段之分，其经济结构特征分别对应按劳分配和按需分配的分配原则。到了十九世纪九十年代，为防止德国工人运动受机会主义思想进一步渗透，恩格斯毅然将科学社会主义纲领性文献公开发表，捍卫了历史唯物主义地位并彻底肃清了拉萨尔主义的影响。这不仅将德国党内机会主义残余清除出去，而且为后来列宁发展科学社会主义和马克思主义中国化理论进一步发展提供重要借鉴。马克思对拉萨尔主义的批判是马克思主义发展史上马克思主义同机会主义不懈斗争、科学社会主义基本原则正确阐释的光辉典范。

当今时代，社会思想观念和价值取向日趋活跃，主流的和非主流的同时并存，先进的和落后的相互交织，社会思潮纷纭激荡。随着我国社会主义事业发展逐步迈进，在扎实推进全体人民共同富裕和坚定初级阶段路线稳步发展的同时，如何抵御“自由主义”、“民主社会主义”等错误思潮思想对我国主流意识形态的冲击，成为推进中国式现代化的重要时代课题。重温马克思批判拉萨尔主义历史经典，不仅有助于我们认清拉萨尔机会主义思想错误实质，也在回顾中学会运用唯物史观思想武器正确辨别国内外错误思潮抵御意识形态渗透，这为推动新时代中国人民实现共同富裕提供历史借鉴，也为基本实现社会主义现代化远景目标和深化社会主义初级阶段理论思考提供真理伟力。

Marx defended the truth value of Marxist theory in the struggle and confrontation with all kinds of wrong thoughts, and Lassalism was one of the important objects of Marx's struggle against many wrong thoughts. Lassalism has attracted much attention from Marx and Engels since it entered the political stage of the German workers' movement. However, as the essence of Lassalle's opportunism gradually emerged, Marx and Engels decisively made a clear distinction with it and launched a struggle to defend Marxism. In this process, Marx elaborated a series of theoretical views of scientific socialism that are still of value to The Times.

Lassalism, as a social trend of thought, permeated the German workers' movement in the 1860s and 70s. Lassalle, who was elected as the first president of the General German Workers' Association by virtue of his high popularity among the workers, tried to lead the workers' movement astray by encouraging the workers to transition to "national socialism" by winning universal suffrage and establishing production cooperatives with the help of the state, starting from the viewpoint of the super-class state and "iron law of wage" theory. The essence of his ideology is to stand on the political standpoint of the petty bourgeoisie, promote the opportunist program line based on historical materialism and vulgar political economy, and use the future of the German workers' movement to realize its political ambition. In order to defend the basic principles of scientific socialism and never make deals with principles, Marx repeatedly wrote systematic criticism of Lassalle's opportunist program line. On the basis of a comprehensive analysis of the essence of the wrong ideas of Lassalism, Marx further clarified the proletarian revolutionary line and the basic principles of scientific socialism. Marx believed that there was a "transitional period" between capitalism and communism characterized by the dictatorship of the proletariat revolution, and that communist society was divided into the first stage and the advanced stage, with the characteristics of its economic structure corresponding to the distribution principle of distribution according to work and distribution according to need respectively. In the 1890s, in order to prevent the German workers' movement from being further infiltrated by opportunism, Engels resolutely published the programed documents of scientific socialism, defended the position of historical materialism and completely eliminated the influence of Lassalism. This not only cleared out the remnants of opportunism in the German party, but also provided important references for Lenin's later development of scientific socialism and the further development of Marxist Sinicization theory. Marx's criticism of Lassalism is a glorious example of Marxism's unremitting struggle against opportunism and the correct interpretation of the basic principles of scientific socialism in the history of Marxist development.

Nowadays, social ideas and values are becoming more and more active, mainstream and non-mainstream coexist at the same time, advanced and backward interweave, and social thoughts are stirring. With the gradual development of China's socialist cause, how to resist the impact of wrong ideological thoughts such as "liberalism" and "democratic socialism" on the mainstream ideology of our country has become an important task of The Times in promoting Chinese-style modernization while firmly promoting common prosperity for all the people and steadfastly developing the primary stage line. Reviewing the historical classics of Marx's criticism of Lassalism not only helps us to recognize the wrong nature of Lassalism's opportunism, but also to learn to correctly identify wrong thoughts at home and abroad with the weapon of historical materialism to resist ideological penetration, which provides historical reference for promoting the realization of common prosperity for the Chinese people in the new era. It also provides the truth and great power for the basic realization of the vision goal of socialist modernization and the deepening of theoretical thinking in the primary stage of socialism.